Health by Jay

References

Sources and evidence grades

177 studies, reviews and guidelines, each checked against its PubMed, DOI or publisher page.

Compiled by Jayakanthan, Richmond, Virginia

Last reviewed against sources: October 25, 2026

On this page
  1. 1How we grade evidence
  2. 2Low-carb and diabetes
  3. 3Weight and metabolism
  4. 4Lipids and heart
  5. 5Sugar and ultra-processed food
  6. 6Fats and oils
  7. 7South Asian health
  8. 8Paleo diet
  9. 9Fasting and time-restricted eating
  10. 10Labs and screening
  11. 11Safety and medicines
  12. 12Vitamins and supplements
  13. 13Exercise
  14. 14Indian foods and nutrition
  15. 15Other conditions
For my family only

This site is curated for my own family members. It is not a recommendation or a diet plan for anyone else. Do not change your diet, start fasting, or change any medicine without your own doctor's advice. We are not responsible for any consequences of following this information without proper medical supervision.

1How we grade evidence

Every health claim on this site carries one of these badges. Click any badge to come back here.

  • AGrade A: strong - multiple RCTs or meta-analyses agree on clinically used outcomes
  • BGrade B: moderate - small or short RCTs, research markers only, or consistent large cohorts
  • CGrade C: weak - observational, mechanistic, or pilot data
  • DGrade D: no real evidence - anecdote, testimonial or opinion
  • ✕Evidence points the other way, or this is unsafe as stated

A grade describes how strong the human evidence is, not whether we like the idea. A claim can be true and still be graded C because nobody has run a proper trial. When good studies disagree, we say so next to the claim.

2Low-carb and diabetes

  1. Diabetes UK (2021). Position statement: Low-carb diets for people with diabetes. Diabetes UK. Link - Professional position statement
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  2. Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD, et al. (2019). Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report.. Diabetes Care 42(5):731-754. PMID 31000505 · doi:10.2337/dci19-0014 - ADA nutrition therapy consensus report; quoted statements are in the full text (Eating Patterns section)
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  3. Goldenberg JZ, Day A, Brinkworth GD, et al. (2021). Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data.. BMJ 372:m4743. PMID 33441384 · doi:10.1136/bmj.m4743 - Meta-analysis, 23 RCTs, 1,357 people
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  4. Hallberg SJ, McKenzie AL, Williams PT, et al. (2018). Effectiveness and Safety of a Novel Care Model for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes at 1 Year: An Open-Label, Non-Randomized, Controlled Study.. Diabetes Ther 9(2):583-612. PMID 29417495 · doi:10.1007/s13300-018-0373-9 - Non-randomized, 1 year; funded by Virta Health, authors include Virta founders and staff
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  5. Lean ME, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, et al. (2018). Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial.. Lancet 391(10120):541-551. PMID 29221645 · doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33102-1 - Cluster RCT, low-calorie formula diet (not low-carb)
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  6. Lean ME, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, et al. (2024). 5-year follow-up of the randomised Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) of continued support for weight loss maintenance in the UK: an extension study.. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 12(4):233-246. PMID 38423026 · doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00385-6 - DiRECT 5-year extension
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  7. McKenzie AL, Athinarayanan SJ, Van Tieghem MR, et al. (2024). 5-Year effects of a novel continuous remote care model with carbohydrate-restricted nutrition therapy including nutritional ketosis in type 2 diabetes: An extension study.. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 217:111898. PMID 39433217 · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111898 - 5-year completer analysis, large attrition; industry-run
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  8. Sainsbury E, Kizirian NV, Partridge SR, et al. (2018). Effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction on glycemic control in adults with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 139:239-252. PMID 29522789 · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.026 - Meta-analysis of RCTs
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  9. Seidelmann SB, Claggett B, Cheng S, et al. (2018). Dietary carbohydrate intake and mortality: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis.. Lancet Public Health 3(9):e419-e428. PMID 30122560 · doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30135-X - ARIC cohort plus meta-analysis
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  10. Shan Z, Guo Y, Hu FB, et al. (2020). Association of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets With Mortality Among US Adults.. JAMA Intern Med 180(4):513-523. PMID 31961383 · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.6980 - Cohort, NHANES
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  11. Sievenpiper JL, Kendall CW, Esfahani A, et al. (2009). Effect of non-oil-seed pulses on glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled experimental trials in people with and without diabetes.. Diabetologia 52(8):1479-1495. PMID 19526214 · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1395-7 - Meta-analysis of RCTs, pulses and glycaemic control
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement, Recipes, Pesarattu (green moong dosa)
  12. Snorgaard O, Poulsen GM, Andersen HK, et al. (2017). Systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary carbohydrate restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes.. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 5(1):e000354. PMID 28316796 · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000354 - Meta-analysis, 10 RCTs, 1,376 people
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  13. Unwin D, Delon C, Unwin J, et al. (2023). What predicts drug-free type 2 diabetes remission? Insights from an 8-year general practice service evaluation of a lower carbohydrate diet with weight loss.. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 6(1):46-55. PMID 37559961 · doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000544 - Service evaluation in one UK practice, self-selected, non-randomized
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  14. Westman EC, Yancy WS Jr, Mavropoulos JC, et al. (2008). The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.. Nutr Metab (Lond) 5:36. PMID 19099589 · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-5-36 - RCT, 24 weeks
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows

3Weight and metabolism

  1. Ebbeling CB, Feldman HA, Klein GL, et al. (2018). Effects of a low carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: randomized trial.. BMJ:k4583. PMID 30429127 · doi:10.1136/bmj.k4583 - Feeding RCT during weight maintenance; energy expenditure measure disputed
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  2. Gardner CD, Trepanowski JF, Del Gobbo LC, et al. (2018). Effect of Low-Fat vs Low-Carbohydrate Diet on 12-Month Weight Loss in Overweight Adults and the Association With Genotype Pattern or Insulin Secretion: The DIETFITS Randomized Clinical Trial.. JAMA 319(7):667-679. PMID 29466592 · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0245 - DIETFITS RCT, 12 months
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  3. Hall KD, Guo J, Courville AB, et al. (2021). Effect of a plant-based, low-fat diet versus an animal-based, ketogenic diet on ad libitum energy intake.. Nat Med 27(2):344-353. PMID 33479499 · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-01209-1 - Inpatient crossover, n=20, 2 weeks each
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  4. Ludwig DS, Aronne LJ, Astrup A, et al. (2021). The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic.. Am J Clin Nutr 114(6):1873-1885. PMID 34515299 · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab270 - Perspective
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  5. Tobias DK, Chen M, Manson JE, et al. (2015). Effect of low-fat diet interventions versus other diet interventions on long-term weight change in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 3(12):968-979. PMID 26527511 · doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00367-8 - Meta-analysis of trials of 1 year or more
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows

4Lipids and heart

  1. Budoff M, Manubolu VS, Kinninger A, et al. (2024). Carbohydrate Restriction-Induced Elevations in LDL-Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis: The KETO Trial.. JACC Adv 3(8):101109. PMID 39372369 · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101109 - Cross-sectional, self-selected, external comparison cohort
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  2. Ha V, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, et al. (2014). Effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. CMAJ 186(8):E252-62. PMID 24710915 · doi:10.1503/cmaj.131727 - Meta-analysis of RCTs on pulses and LDL
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt, Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line, Recipes, Pesarattu (green moong dosa)
  3. Mansoor N, Vinknes KJ, Veierød MB, et al. (2016). Effects of low-carbohydrate diets v. low-fat diets on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.. Br J Nutr 115(3):466-479. PMID 26768850 · doi:10.1017/S0007114515004699 - Meta-analysis of RCTs, low-carb vs low-fat
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  4. Norwitz NG, Feldman D, Soto-Mota A, et al. (2022). Elevated LDL Cholesterol with a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet: Evidence for a “Lean Mass Hyper-Responder” Phenotype.. Curr Dev Nutr 6(1):nzab144. PMID 35106434 · doi:10.1093/cdn/nzab144 - Self-selected survey of low-carb followers
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  5. Soto-Mota A, Flores-Jurado Y, Norwitz NG, et al. (2024). Increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet in adults with normal but not high body weight: A meta-analysis.. Am J Clin Nutr 119(3):740-747. PMID 38237807 · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009 - Meta-regression of RCTs
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  6. Soto-Mota A, Norwitz NG, Manubolu VS, et al. (2026). RETRACTION NOTICE for: Longitudinal Data from the KETO-CTA Study: Plaque Predicts Plaque, ApoB Does Not (JACC Adv 2025;4(7):101686). JACC Adv 5(5):102824. PMID 42206798 · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2026.102824 - Retraction notice for the 2025 longitudinal KETO-CTA paper
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  7. Thorisdottir B, Arnesen EK, Bärebring L, et al. (2023). Legume consumption in adults and risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Food Nutr Res 67. PMID 37288088 · doi:10.29219/fnr.v67.9541 - Systematic review of cohorts and crossover trials; mostly null for CVD and diabetes
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement

5Sugar and ultra-processed food

  1. Bazzano LA, Li TY, Joshipura KJ, et al. (2008). Intake of fruit, vegetables, and fruit juices and risk of diabetes in women.. Diabetes Care 31(7):1311-1317. PMID 18390796 · doi:10.2337/dc08-0080 - Cohort, 71,346 nurses
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  2. Hall KD, Ayuketah A, Brychta R, et al. (2019). Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake.. Cell Metab 30(1):67-77.e3. PMID 31105044 · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.008 - Inpatient randomized crossover, n=20
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  3. Lane MM, Gamage E, Du S, et al. (2024). Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses.. BMJ 384:e077310. PMID 38418082 · doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-077310 - Umbrella review, mostly observational
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  4. Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, et al. (2010). Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.. Diabetes Care 33(11):2477-2483. PMID 20693348 · doi:10.2337/dc10-1079 - Meta-analysis of cohorts, 310,819 people
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  5. World Health Organization (2015). Guideline: Sugars intake for adults and children. WHO, Geneva. Link - WHO guideline
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line

6Fats and oils

  1. Astrup A, Magkos F, Bier DM, et al. (2020). Saturated Fats and Health: A Reassessment and Proposal for Food-Based Recommendations: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.. J Am Coll Cardiol 76(7):844-857. PMID 32562735 · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.077 - State-of-the-art review (counterpoint)
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  2. Farvid MS, Ding M, Pan A, et al. (2014). Dietary linoleic acid and risk of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.. Circulation 130(18):1568-1578. PMID 25161045 · doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010236 - Meta-analysis of cohorts
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  3. Hooper L, Martin N, Jimoh OF, et al. (2020). Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease.. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8(8):CD011737. PMID 32827219 · doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011737.pub3 - Cochrane review (August 2020 corrected version)
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  4. Li Y, Hruby A, Bernstein AM, et al. (2015). Saturated Fats Compared With Unsaturated Fats and Sources of Carbohydrates in Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.. J Am Coll Cardiol 66(14):1538-1548. PMID 26429077 · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.055 - Cohorts, NHS and HPFS
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  5. Neelakantan N, Seah JYH, van Dam RM (2020). The Effect of Coconut Oil Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials.. Circulation 141(10):803-814. PMID 31928080 · doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043052 - Meta-analysis of 16 RCTs
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  6. Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Majchrzak-Hong S, et al. (2016). Re-evaluation of the traditional diet-heart hypothesis: analysis of recovered data from Minnesota Coronary Experiment (1968-73).. BMJ 353:i1246. PMID 27071971 · doi:10.1136/bmj.i1246 - Re-analysis of recovered 1968-73 trial data
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  7. Sacks FM, Lichtenstein AH, Wu JHY, et al. (2017). Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association.. Circulation 136(3):e1-e23. PMID 28620111 · doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000510 - AHA presidential advisory
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  8. Sankar D, Rao MR, Sambandam G, et al. (2006). A pilot study of open label sesame oil in hypertensive diabetics.. J Med Food 9(3):408-412. PMID 17004907 · doi:10.1089/jmf.2006.9.408 - Open-label pilot, n=40
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  9. Shankar SR, Bijlani RL, Baveja T, et al. (2002). Effect of partial replacement of visible fat by ghee (clarified butter) on serum lipid profile.. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 46(3):355-360. PMID 12613401 - RCT, n=24, 8 weeks
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  10. Vijayakumar M, Vasudevan DM, Sundaram KR, et al. (2016). A randomized study of coconut oil versus sunflower oil on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with stable coronary heart disease.. Indian Heart J 68(4):498-506. PMID 27543472 · doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2015.10.384 - RCT, Kerala, n=200, 2 years; underpowered for heart events
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  11. Wang DD, Li Y, Chiuve SE, et al. (2016). Association of Specific Dietary Fats With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality.. JAMA Intern Med 176(8):1134-1145. PMID 27379574 · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.2417 - Cohorts, NHS and HPFS
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows

7South Asian health

  1. Anjana RM, Srinivasan S, Sudha V, et al. (2022). Macronutrient Recommendations for Remission and Prevention of Diabetes in Asian Indians Based on a Data-Driven Optimization Model: The ICMR-INDIAB National Study.. Diabetes Care. PMID 36350789 · doi:10.2337/dc22-0627 - ICMR-INDIAB national data, optimization model
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  2. Anjana RM, Sudha V, Abirami K, et al. (2025). Dietary profiles and associated metabolic risk factors in India from the ICMR-INDIAB survey-21.. Nat Med 31(11):3813-3824. PMID 41028544 · doi:10.1038/s41591-025-03949-4 - ICMR-INDIAB, 18,090 adults, cross-sectional modelling
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt, Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  3. Bhavadharini B, Mohan V, Dehghan M, et al. (2020). White Rice Intake and Incident Diabetes: A Study of 132,373 Participants in 21 Countries.. Diabetes Care 43(11):2643-2650. PMID 32873587 · doi:10.2337/dc19-2335 - PURE cohort, 132,373 people, 21 countries
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line, Cauliflower rice
  4. Caleyachetty R, Barber TM, Mohammed NI, et al. (2021). Ethnicity-specific BMI cutoffs for obesity based on type 2 diabetes risk in England: a population-based cohort study.. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 9(7):419-426. PMID 33989535 · doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00088-7 - Cohort, England
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  5. Dehghan M, Mente A, Zhang X, et al. (2017). Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study.. Lancet 390(10107):2050-2062. PMID 28864332 · doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32252-3 - PURE cohort, 18 countries
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  6. Hu EA, Pan A, Malik V, et al. (2012). White rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis and systematic review.. BMJ 344:e1454. PMID 22422870 · doi:10.1136/bmj.e1454 - Meta-analysis of cohorts
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement, Cauliflower rice
  7. Kanaya AM, Herrington D, Vittinghoff E, et al. (2014). Understanding the high prevalence of diabetes in U.S. south Asians compared with four racial/ethnic groups: the MASALA and MESA studies.. Diabetes Care 37(6):1621-1628. PMID 24705613 · doi:10.2337/dc13-2656 - MASALA vs MESA cohorts
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  8. Misra A, Sharma R, Gulati S, et al. (2011). Consensus dietary guidelines for healthy living and prevention of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and related disorders in Asian Indians.. Diabetes Technol Ther 13(6):683-694. PMID 21488798 · doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0198 - Consensus dietary guidelines for Asian Indians
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  9. Mohan V (2020). Should you take the ketogenic diet seriously?. Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre blog, 25 September 2020. Link - Clinician blog summarising Joshi and Mohan 2018
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  10. Shah H, Garacci E, Behuria S, et al. (2023). Cardiovascular risk-enhancing factors and coronary artery calcium in South Asian American adults: The MASALA study.. Am J Prev Cardiol 13:100453. PMID 36636125 · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100453 - MASALA study
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait
  11. Shilpa J, Mohan V (2018). Ketogenic diets: Boon or bane?. Indian J Med Res 148(3):251-253. PMID 30425213 · doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1666_18 - Editorial by Madras Diabetes Research Foundation authors
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  12. Volgman AS, Palaniappan LS, Aggarwal NT, et al. (2018). Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in South Asians in the United States: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Treatments: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.. Circulation 138(1):e1-e34. PMID 29794080 · doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000580 - AHA scientific statement
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait

8Paleo diet

  1. Bahrami M, Bakhshimoghaddam F, Ahangarpour A, et al. (2026). The Paleolithic diet and chronic disease risk: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials.. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 66(11):2247-2262. PMID 41129328 · doi:10.1080/10408398.2025.2576815 - GRADE-assessed meta-analysis, 19 RCTs and 12 cohorts
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  2. Boers I, Muskiet FA, Berkelaar E, et al. (2014). Favourable effects of consuming a Palaeolithic-type diet on characteristics of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot-study.. Lipids Health Dis 13:160. PMID 25304296 · doi:10.1186/1476-511X-13-160 - RCT, n=34, 2 weeks
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  3. Cordain L, Eaton SB, Sebastian A, et al. (2005). Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the 21st century.. Am J Clin Nutr 81(2):341-354. PMID 15699220 · doi:10.1093/ajcn.81.2.341 - Review
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  4. de Menezes EVA, Sampaio HAC, Carioca AAF, et al. (2019). Influence of Paleolithic diet on anthropometric markers in chronic diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis.. Nutr J 18(1):41. PMID 31337389 · doi:10.1186/s12937-019-0457-z - Meta-analysis, 11 RCTs
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  5. Eaton SB, Konner M (1985). Paleolithic nutrition. A consideration of its nature and current implications.. N Engl J Med 312(5):283-289. PMID 2981409 · doi:10.1056/NEJM198501313120505 - The founding hypothesis paper
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  6. Genoni A, Christophersen CT, Lo J, et al. (2020). Long-term Paleolithic diet is associated with lower resistant starch intake, different gut microbiota composition and increased serum TMAO concentrations.. Eur J Nutr 59(5):1845-1858. PMID 31273523 · doi:10.1007/s00394-019-02036-y - Cross-sectional, n=91
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  7. Genoni A, Lyons-Wall P, Lo J, et al. (2016). Cardiovascular, Metabolic Effects and Dietary Composition of Ad-Libitum Paleolithic vs. Australian Guide to Healthy Eating Diets: A 4-Week Randomised Trial.. Nutrients 8(5):314. PMID 27223304 · doi:10.3390/nu8050314 - RCT, n=39, 4 weeks
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  8. Henry AG, Brooks AS, Piperno DR (2011). Microfossils in calculus demonstrate consumption of plants and cooked foods in Neanderthal diets (Shanidar III, Iraq; Spy I and II, Belgium).. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(2):486-491. PMID 21187393 · doi:10.1073/pnas.1016868108 - Archaeology: plant starch in Neanderthal dental calculus
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  9. Jamka M, Kulczyński B, Juruć A, et al. (2020). The Effect of the Paleolithic Diet vs. Healthy Diets on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.. J Clin Med 9(2):296. PMID 31973038 · doi:10.3390/jcm9020296 - Meta-analysis, 4 RCTs, 98 people; no difference vs other healthy diets
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  10. Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y, Ahrén B, et al. (2009). Beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a randomized cross-over pilot study.. Cardiovasc Diabetol 8:35. PMID 19604407 · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-8-35 - Randomized crossover, n=13, type 2 diabetes
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  11. Jospe MR, Roy M, Brown RC, et al. (2020). Intermittent fasting, Paleolithic, or Mediterranean diets in the real world: exploratory secondary analyses of a weight-loss trial that included choice of diet and exercise.. Am J Clin Nutr 111(3):503-514. PMID 31879752 · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz330 - Exploratory secondary analysis; participants chose their diet, n=250, 12 months
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  12. K. Subagunam (2022). பேலியோ உணவு முறையை பின்பற்றுவதால் நீரிழிவு ஏற்படுமா? (Can following the Paleo diet cause diabetes?). BBC Tamil, 1 November 2022. Link - News
    Cited on: Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy, Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  13. Kandaswamy VC, Venkatasubramanian H (2026). Heterogeneous Apolipoprotein B Response to the Paleolithic Diet in South Asian Adults: A Novel Phenotypic Pattern. J Health Sci Med Res 44(5). doi:10.31584/jhsmr.20261326 - Single-arm study, n=232, no control group
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  14. Lindeberg S, Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y, et al. (2007). A Palaeolithic diet improves glucose tolerance more than a Mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischaemic heart disease.. Diabetologia 50(9):1795-1807. PMID 17583796 · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0716-y - RCT, n=29, 12 weeks
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  15. Manheimer EW, van Zuuren EJ, Fedorowicz Z, et al. (2015). Paleolithic nutrition for metabolic syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.. Am J Clin Nutr 102(4):922-932. PMID 26269362 · doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.113613 - Meta-analysis, 4 RCTs, 159 people, up to 6 months
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  16. Manousou S, Stål M, Larsson C, et al. (2018). A Paleolithic-type diet results in iodine deficiency: a 2-year randomized trial in postmenopausal obese women.. Eur J Clin Nutr 72(1):124-129. PMID 28901333 · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.134 - 2-year RCT substudy
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  17. Masharani U, Sherchan P, Schloetter M, et al. (2015). Metabolic and physiologic effects from consuming a hunter-gatherer (Paleolithic)-type diet in type 2 diabetes.. Eur J Clin Nutr 69(8):944-948. PMID 25828624 · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.39 - Metabolically controlled RCT, n=24, 2 weeks
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  18. Mellberg C, Sandberg S, Ryberg M, et al. (2014). Long-term effects of a Palaeolithic-type diet in obese postmenopausal women: a 2-year randomized trial.. Eur J Clin Nutr 68(3):350-357. PMID 24473459 · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.290 - RCT, n=70, 2 years
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  19. Mercader J (2009). Mozambican grass seed consumption during the Middle Stone Age.. Science 326(5960):1680-1683. PMID 20019285 · doi:10.1126/science.1173966 - Archaeology: grass seed use 105,000 years ago
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  20. Otten J, Mellberg C, Ryberg M, et al. (2016). Strong and persistent effect on liver fat with a Paleolithic diet during a two-year intervention.. Int J Obes (Lond) 40(5):747-753. PMID 26786351 · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.4 - 2-year RCT liver fat substudy
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  21. Otten J, Stomby A, Waling M, et al. (2017). Benefits of a Paleolithic diet with and without supervised exercise on fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control: a randomized controlled trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes.. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 33(1). PMID 27235022 · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2828 - RCT, n=32, both arms Paleo, exercise vs advice
    Cited on: Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy, Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  22. Perry GH, Dominy NJ, Claw KG, et al. (2007). Diet and the evolution of human amylase gene copy number variation.. Nat Genet 39(10):1256-1260. PMID 17828263 · doi:10.1038/ng2123 - Genetics: amylase gene copies and starch diets
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  23. Revedin A, Aranguren B, Becattini R, et al. (2010). Thirty thousand-year-old evidence of plant food processing.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(44):18815-18819. PMID 20956317 · doi:10.1073/pnas.1006993107 - Archaeology: 30,000-year-old plant processing
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  24. Varavanai Senthil (2016). என்னை பேலியோ பிரம்மா என குறிப்பிட வேண்டாம்! (Don't call me the Paleo Brahma) - interview with Neander Selvan. Vikatan, 2 November 2016. Link - News interview
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  25. Vikatan (2016). கொழுப்பைக் குறைக்க கொழுப்பை சாப்பிடு - இதுதான் பேலியோ டயட்! (Eat fat to cut fat: this is the Paleo diet). Vikatan, 12 April 2016. Link - News
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement

9Fasting and time-restricted eating

  1. Anton SD, Moehl K, Donahoo WT, et al. (2018). Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting.. Obesity (Silver Spring) 26(2):254-268. PMID 29086496 · doi:10.1002/oby.22065 - Review
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  2. Carter S, Clifton PM, Keogh JB (2018). Effect of Intermittent Compared With Continuous Energy Restricted Diet on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial.. JAMA Netw Open 1(3):e180756. PMID 30646030 · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0756 - RCT, type 2 diabetes, n=137, 12 months, 5:2 vs daily restriction
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  3. Chaudhary R, Liu B, Bensalem J, et al. (2022). Intermittent fasting activates markers of autophagy in mouse liver, but not muscle from mouse or humans.. Nutrition 101:111662. PMID 35660501 · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2022.111662 - Human trial plus mouse data; muscle autophagy markers did not rise
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  4. Chen M, Xu L, Van Horn L, et al. (2025). Association of eating duration less than 8 h with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality.. Diabetes Metab Syndr 19(7):103278. PMID 40849219 · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103278 - Observational, NHANES n=19,831; eating window from two 24-hour recalls
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  5. Cienfuegos S, Gabel K, Kalam F, et al. (2020). Effects of 4- and 6-h Time-Restricted Feeding on Weight and Cardiometabolic Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Obesity.. Cell Metab 32(3):366-378.e3. PMID 32673591 · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.018 - RCT, 4 h vs 6 h vs control, 8 weeks
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line, Fasting planner
  6. de Cabo R, Mattson MP (2019). Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease.. N Engl J Med 381(26):2541-2551. PMID 31881139 · doi:10.1056/NEJMra1905136 - Review, largely animal evidence
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  7. Gill S, Panda S (2015). A Smartphone App Reveals Erratic Diurnal Eating Patterns in Humans that Can Be Modulated for Health Benefits.. Cell Metab 22(5):789-798. PMID 26411343 · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.005 - App-based observation plus small single-arm pilot
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  8. Jamshed H, Steger FL, Bryan DR, et al. (2022). Effectiveness of Early Time-Restricted Eating for Weight Loss, Fat Loss, and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.. JAMA Intern Med 182(9):953-962. PMID 35939311 · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.3050 - RCT, early 8 h window vs 12 h+, 14 weeks
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't, Fasting planner
  9. Lin S, Cienfuegos S, Ezpeleta M, et al. (2023). Time-Restricted Eating Without Calorie Counting for Weight Loss in a Racially Diverse Population: A Randomized Controlled Trial.. Ann Intern Med 176(7):885-895. PMID 37364268 · doi:10.7326/M23-0052 - RCT, n=90, 12 months; NIH funded
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  10. Liu D, Huang Y, Huang C, et al. (2022). Calorie Restriction with or without Time-Restricted Eating in Weight Loss.. N Engl J Med 386(16):1495-1504. PMID 35443107 · doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2114833 - RCT, n=139, 12 months, calorie-matched
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  11. Lowe DA, Wu N, Rohdin-Bibby L, et al. (2020). Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss and Other Metabolic Parameters in Women and Men With Overweight and Obesity: The TREAT Randomized Clinical Trial.. JAMA Intern Med 180(11):1491-1499. PMID 32986097 · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4153 - TREAT RCT, n=116, 12 weeks, 16:8 without other advice
    Cited on: Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy, Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  12. Manoogian ENC, Wilkinson MJ, O'Neal M, et al. (2024). Time-Restricted Eating in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome : A Randomized Controlled Trial.. Ann Intern Med 177(11):1462-1470. PMID 39348690 · doi:10.7326/M24-0859 - RCT, metabolic syndrome, 3 months; NIH funded
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  13. Pavlou V, Cienfuegos S, Lin S, et al. (2023). Effect of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.. JAMA Netw Open 6(10):e2339337. PMID 37889487 · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39337 - RCT, type 2 diabetes, n=75, 6 months
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  14. Runchey MC, Corapi S, Pavlou V, et al. (2026). Efficacy and Safety of Time-Restricted Eating in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.. Diabetes Care. PMID 42606524 · doi:10.2337/dc26-1093 - Small 3-arm RCT, n=32, 6 months
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  15. Semnani-Azad Z, Khan TA, Chiavaroli L, et al. (2025). Intermittent fasting strategies and their effects on body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.. BMJ 389:e082007. PMID 40533200 · doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-082007 - Network meta-analysis, 99 RCTs, 6,582 adults; one co-author affiliated with an advocacy group (PCRM)
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  16. Stote KS, Baer DJ, Spears K, et al. (2007). A controlled trial of reduced meal frequency without caloric restriction in healthy, normal-weight, middle-aged adults.. Am J Clin Nutr 85(4):981-988. PMID 17413096 · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.4.981 - Randomized crossover, one vs three meals a day, 8 weeks each
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line, Fasting planner
  17. Sutton EF, Beyl R, Early KS, et al. (2018). Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes.. Cell Metab 27(6):1212-1221.e3. PMID 29754952 · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.010 - Small crossover trial, men with prediabetes, 5 weeks
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  18. Trepanowski JF, Kroeger CM, Barnosky A, et al. (2017). Effect of Alternate-Day Fasting on Weight Loss, Weight Maintenance, and Cardioprotection Among Metabolically Healthy Obese Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.. JAMA Intern Med 177(7):930-938. PMID 28459931 · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.0936 - RCT, n=100, 1 year, alternate-day fasting vs daily restriction
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  19. Vidmar AP, Naguib M, Raymond JK, et al. (2021). Time-Limited Eating and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adolescents with Obesity: A Pilot Study.. Nutrients 13(11):3697. PMID 34835953 · doi:10.3390/nu13113697 - Feasibility pilot in adolescents
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't

10Labs and screening

  1. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes (2026). 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.. Diabetes Care 49(Supplement_1):S27-S49. PMID 41358893 · doi:10.2337/dc26-S002 - ADA Standards of Care 2026, Section 2
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Lab tracker
  2. Hsia DS, Larrivee S, Cefalu WT, et al. (2015). Impact of Lowering BMI Cut Points as Recommended in the Revised American Diabetes Association's Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2015 on Diabetes Screening in Asian Americans.. Diabetes Care 38(11):2166-2168. PMID 26324330 · doi:10.2337/dc15-0299 - Basis for screening Asian Americans at BMI 23
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait
  3. Iacovides S, Maloney SK, Bhana S, et al. (2022). Could the ketogenic diet induce a shift in thyroid function and support a metabolic advantage in healthy participants? A pilot randomized-controlled-crossover trial.. PLoS One 17(6):e0269440. PMID 35658056 · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269440 - Randomized crossover, n=11, 3 weeks
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  4. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group (2024). KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease.. Kidney Int 105(4S):S117-S314. PMID 38490803 · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018 - KDIGO 2024 CKD guideline
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, The Indian plate, rebuilt, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line, Lab tracker
  5. Koschinsky ML, Bajaj A, Boffa MB, et al. (2024). A focused update to the 2019 NLA scientific statement on use of lipoprotein(a) in clinical practice.. J Clin Lipidol 18(3):e308-e319. PMID 38565461 · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2024.03.001 - National Lipid Association statement
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Lab tracker
  6. Kronenberg F, Mora S, Stroes ESG, et al. (2022). Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement.. Eur Heart J 43(39):3925-3946. PMID 36036785 · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac361 - European Atherosclerosis Society consensus
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait
  7. Kwo PY, Cohen SM, Lim JK (2017). ACG Clinical Guideline: Evaluation of Abnormal Liver Chemistries.. Am J Gastroenterol 112(1):18-35. PMID 27995906 · doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.517 - ACG clinical guideline
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Lab tracker
  8. Soffer DE, Marston NA, Maki KC, et al. (2024). Role of apolipoprotein B in the clinical management of cardiovascular risk in adults: An Expert Clinical Consensus from the National Lipid Association.. J Clin Lipidol 18(5):e647-e663. PMID 39256087 · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2024.08.013 - National Lipid Association expert consensus
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait
  9. Wallace TM, Levy JC, Matthews DR (2004). Use and abuse of HOMA modeling.. Diabetes Care 27(6):1487-1495. PMID 15161807 · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.6.1487 - Methods review
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait

11Safety and medicines

  1. Acharya P, Acharya C, Thongprayoon C, et al. (2021). Incidence and Characteristics of Kidney Stones in Patients on Ketogenic Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Diseases 9(2):39. PMID 34070285 · doi:10.3390/diseases9020039 - Meta-analysis, mostly epilepsy keto cohorts
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait
  2. Bao W, Bowers K, Tobias DK, et al. (2014). Prepregnancy low-carbohydrate dietary pattern and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.. Am J Clin Nutr 99(6):1378-1384. PMID 24717341 · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.082966 - Prospective cohort, Nurses' Health Study II
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  3. Bostock ECS, Kirkby KC, Taylor BV, et al. (2020). Consumer Reports of "Keto Flu" Associated With the Ketogenic Diet.. Front Nutr 7:20. PMID 32232045 · doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.00020 - Analysis of online self-reports
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait
  4. Buehler LA, Noe D, Knapp S, et al. (2021). Ketogenic diets in the management of type 1 diabetes: Safe or safety concern?. Cleve Clin J Med 88(10):547-555. PMID 34598919 · doi:10.3949/ccjm.88a.20121 - Clinical review
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait
  5. Corley BT, Carroll RW, Hall RM, et al. (2018). Intermittent fasting in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of hypoglycaemia: a randomized controlled trial.. Diabet Med 35(5):588-594. PMID 29405359 · doi:10.1111/dme.13595 - RCT, fasting days doubled hypoglycaemia (RR 2.05) despite dose reduction
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  6. Couris R, Tataronis G, McCloskey W, et al. (2006). Dietary vitamin K variability affects International Normalized Ratio (INR) coagulation indices.. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 76(2):65-74. PMID 16941417 · doi:10.1024/0300-9831.76.2.65 - Vitamin K intake and warfarin
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, The Indian plate, rebuilt, Mashed greens
  7. Desrosiers TA, Siega-Riz AM, Mosley BS, et al. (2018). Low carbohydrate diets may increase risk of neural tube defects.. Birth Defects Res 110(11):901-909. PMID 29368448 · doi:10.1002/bdr2.1198 - Case-control, National Birth Defects Prevention Study
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  8. Devries MC, Sithamparapillai A, Brimble KS, et al. (2018). Changes in Kidney Function Do Not Differ between Healthy Adults Consuming Higher- Compared with Lower- or Normal-Protein Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. J Nutr 148(11):1760-1775. PMID 30383278 · doi:10.1093/jn/nxy197 - Meta-analysis
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  9. Erlinger S (2000). Gallstones in obesity and weight loss.. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12(12):1347-1352. PMID 11192327 · doi:10.1097/00042737-200012120-00015 - Review
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  10. Ganson KT, Cuccolo K, Hallward L, et al. (2022). Intermittent fasting: Describing engagement and associations with eating disorder behaviors and psychopathology among Canadian adolescents and young adults.. Eat Behav 47:101681. PMID 36368052 · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101681 - Cross-sectional survey, n=2,762
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  11. Goldfinger S, Klinenberg E Jr, Seegmiller JE (1965). RENAL RETENTION OF URIC ACID INDUCED BY INFUSION OF BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE AND ACETOACETATE.. N Engl J Med 272:351-355. PMID 14239117 · doi:10.1056/NEJM196502182720705 - Physiology study, ketones and urate excretion (no abstract on PubMed)
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait
  12. Hassanein M, Afandi B, Yakoob Ahmedani M, et al. (2022). Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical guidelines 2021.. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 185:109185. PMID 35016991 · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109185 - IDF-DAR practical guidelines, 2021 update
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  13. Maclachlan MJ, Rodnan GP (1967). Effect of food, fast and alcohol on serum uric acid and acute attacks of gout.. Am J Med 42(1):38-57. PMID 6016479 · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(67)90005-8 - Small physiology study
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  14. Marzban S, Arbee M, Vorajee N, et al. (2020). Non-diabetic ketoacidosis associated with a low carbohydrate, high fat diet in a postpartum lactating female.. Oxf Med Case Reports 2020(8):omz026. PMID 32793371 · doi:10.1093/omcr/omz026 - Case report
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait
  15. Murdoch C, Unwin D, Cavan D, et al. (2019). Adapting diabetes medication for low carbohydrate management of type 2 diabetes: a practical guide.. Br J Gen Pract 69(684):360-361. PMID 31249097 · doi:10.3399/bjgp19X704525 - Practical guide for GPs; practice-based, not trial evidence
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  16. Schopf C, Assmann M, Wolke N, et al. (2026). Adverse events and tolerability of ketogenic diets - a systematic literature analysis.. BMC Nutr 12(1):44. PMID 41715236 · doi:10.1186/s40795-026-01277-5 - Systematic analysis of adverse events
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait
  17. Somagutta MKR, Uday U, Shama N, et al. (2022). Dietary Changes Leading to Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Users: A Challenge for Primary Care Physicians?. Korean J Fam Med 43(6):361-366. PMID 36444120 · doi:10.4082/kjfm.22.0003 - Review of 14 patients with euglycaemic DKA on SGLT2 inhibitors plus keto
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  18. Somagutta MR, Agadi K, Hange N, et al. (2021). Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors: A Focused Review of Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Triggers.. Cureus 13(3):e13665. PMID 33824816 · doi:10.7759/cureus.13665 - Review of euglycaemic DKA with SGLT2 inhibitors; fasting and ketogenic diets as triggers
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  19. Sweeting A, et al. (2021). The Carbohydrate Threshold in Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes: How Low Can We Go?. Nutrients 13(8):2599. doi:10.3390/nu13082599 - Review; IOM 175 g/day minimum
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait
  20. Thomsen K, Schou M (1999). Avoidance of lithium intoxication: advice based on knowledge about the renal lithium clearance under various circumstances.. Pharmacopsychiatry 32(3):83-86. PMID 10463373 · doi:10.1055/s-2007-979199 - Lithium clearance and interactions
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait

12Vitamins and supplements

  1. Aroda VR, Edelstein SL, Goldberg RB, et al. (2016). Long-term Metformin Use and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(4):1754-1761. PMID 26900641 · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3754 - DPP Outcomes Study, metformin and B12
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, Lab tracker
  2. Arterburn LM, Oken HA, Bailey Hall E, et al. (2008). Algal-oil capsules and cooked salmon: nutritionally equivalent sources of docosahexaenoic acid.. J Am Diet Assoc 108(7):1204-1209. PMID 18589030 · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.04.020 - Bioequivalence study; authors linked to algal oil maker per literature
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  3. Clemens TL, Adams JS, Henderson SL, et al. (1982). Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of skin to synthesise vitamin D3.. Lancet 1(8263):74-76. PMID 6119494 · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90214-8 - Small physiology study, n=5
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  4. Demay MB, Pittas AG, Bikle DD, et al. (2024). Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 109(8):1907-1947. PMID 38828931 · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae290 - Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline 2024
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  5. Li L, Li H, Gao Y, et al. (2023). Effect of flaxseed supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review, and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.. Food Funct 14(2):675-690. PMID 36622248 · doi:10.1039/d2fo02566c - Meta-analysis, 33 trials
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  6. Plourde M, Cunnane SC (2007). Extremely limited synthesis of long chain polyunsaturates in adults: implications for their dietary essentiality and use as supplements.. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 32(4):619-634. PMID 17622276 · doi:10.1139/H07-034 - Review of ALA conversion
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line, Tamil fish curry
  7. Rodriguez-Leyva D, Weighell W, Edel AL, et al. (2013). Potent antihypertensive action of dietary flaxseed in hypertensive patients.. Hypertension 62(6):1081-1089. PMID 24126178 · doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02094 - RCT, n=110, 6 months
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait
  8. Setayesh L, Haghighat N, Rasaei N, et al. (2023). The impact of Emblica Officinalis (Amla) on lipid profile, glucose, and C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. Diabetes Metab Syndr 17(3):102729. PMID 36934568 · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102729 - Meta-analysis, 5 RCTs, 3 to 12 weeks
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  9. Usharani P, Merugu PL, Nutalapati C (2019). Evaluation of the effects of a standardized aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruits on endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical study.. BMC Complement Altern Med 19(1):97. PMID 31060549 · doi:10.1186/s12906-019-2509-5 - RCT, n=59, 12 weeks; extract maker supplied product
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  10. Webb AR, Kline L, Holick MF (1988). Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin.. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 67(2):373-378. PMID 2839537 · doi:10.1210/jcem-67-2-373 - Measurement study by latitude and season
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  11. Yajnik CS, Deshpande SS, Lubree HG, et al. (2006). Vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia in rural and urban Indians.. J Assoc Physicians India 54:775-782. PMID 17214273 - Observational
    Cited on: Before you start: tests, medicines and who should wait

13Exercise

  1. Buffey AJ, Herring MP, Langley CK, et al. (2022). The Acute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting Time in Adults with Standing and Light-Intensity Walking on Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.. Sports Med 52(8):1765-1787. PMID 35147898 · doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01649-4 - Meta-analysis of acute crossover trials
    Cited on: Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy
  2. Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, et al. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour.. Br J Sports Med 54(24):1451-1462. PMID 33239350 · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955 - WHO 2020 guidelines
    Cited on: Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  3. Celis-Morales CA, Ghouri N, Bailey ME, et al. (2013). Should physical activity recommendations be ethnicity-specific? Evidence from a cross-sectional study of South Asian and European men.. PLoS One 8(12):e82568. PMID 24349313 · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082568 - Cross-sectional, men only
    Cited on: Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy
  4. Francois ME, Baldi JC, Manning PJ, et al. (2014). 'Exercise snacks' before meals: a novel strategy to improve glycaemic control in individuals with insulin resistance.. Diabetologia 57(7):1437-1445. PMID 24817675 · doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3244-6 - Small crossover, n=9
    Cited on: Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy
  5. Iliodromiti S, Ghouri N, Celis-Morales CA, et al. (2016). Should Physical Activity Recommendations for South Asian Adults Be Ethnicity-Specific? Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study of South Asian and White European Men and Women.. PLoS One 11(8):e0160024. PMID 27529339 · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160024 - Cross-sectional, men and women
    Cited on: Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  6. Kanaley JA, Colberg SR, Corcoran MH, et al. (2022). Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine.. Med Sci Sports Exerc 54(2):353-368. PMID 35029593 · doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002800 - ACSM consensus statement, type 2 diabetes
    Cited on: Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy
  7. Reynolds AN, Mann JI, Williams S, et al. (2016). Advice to walk after meals is more effective for lowering postprandial glycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus than advice that does not specify timing: a randomised crossover study.. Diabetologia 59(12):2572-2578. PMID 27747394 · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4085-2 - Randomized crossover, n=41, type 2 diabetes
    Cited on: Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  8. Umpierre D, Ribeiro PA, Kramer CK, et al. (2011). Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. JAMA 305(17):1790-1799. PMID 21540423 · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.576 - Meta-analysis, 47 RCTs, 8,538 people
    Cited on: Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy

14Indian foods and nutrition

  1. Anitha S, Kane-Potaka J, Tsusaka TW, et al. (2021). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Potential of Millets for Managing and Reducing the Risk of Developing Diabetes Mellitus.. Front Nutr 8:687428. PMID 34395493 · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.687428 - Meta-analysis; funded via ICRISAT Smart Food initiative (millet promotion); very high heterogeneity
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt
  2. Atkinson FS, Brand-Miller JC, Foster-Powell K, et al. (2021). International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2021: a systematic review.. Am J Clin Nutr 114(5):1625-1632. PMID 34258626 · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab233 - International GI tables 2021, systematic review
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt
  3. Aune D, Keum N, Giovannucci E, et al. (2016). Whole grain consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all cause and cause specific mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.. BMJ 353:i2716. PMID 27301975 · doi:10.1136/bmj.i2716 - Dose-response meta-analysis of cohorts
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  4. Bauer J, Biolo G, Cederholm T, et al. (2013). Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group.. J Am Med Dir Assoc 14(8):542-559. PMID 23867520 · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.021 - PROT-AGE expert consensus
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't, The Indian plate, rebuilt
  5. Companys J, Pla-Pagà L, Calderón-Pérez L, et al. (2020). Fermented Dairy Products, Probiotic Supplementation, and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.. Adv Nutr 11(4):834-863. PMID 32277831 · doi:10.1093/advances/nmaa030 - Meta-analysis of 20 cohorts and 52 RCTs
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  6. Deutz NE, Bauer JM, Barazzoni R, et al. (2014). Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group.. Clin Nutr 33(6):929-936. PMID 24814383 · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.04.007 - ESPEN expert group recommendation
    Cited on: Intermittent fasting: what it does and what it doesn't
  7. ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (2020). Nutrient Requirements for Indians: Recommended Dietary Allowances and Estimated Average Requirements (brief note). ICMR-NIN, Hyderabad. Link - Guideline
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt
  8. Jenkins DJA, Wong JMW, Kendall CWC, et al. (2009). The effect of a plant-based low-carbohydrate ("Eco-Atkins") diet on body weight and blood lipid concentrations in hyperlipidemic subjects.. Arch Intern Med 169(11):1046-1054. PMID 19506174 · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.115 - 4-week metabolic trial, plant-based low-carb
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  9. Jenkins DJA, Wong JMW, Kendall CWC, et al. (2014). Effect of a 6-month vegan low-carbohydrate ('Eco-Atkins') diet on cardiovascular risk factors and body weight in hyperlipidaemic adults: a randomised controlled trial.. BMJ Open 4(2):e003505. PMID 24500611 · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003505 - 6-month RCT; some co-authors may have soy-industry ties
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement
  10. Longvah T, Ananthan R, Bhaskarachary K, Venkaiah K (2017). Indian Food Composition Tables 2017. National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, Hyderabad. Link - Values read from a machine-readable transcription; spot-check against the NIN PDF
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line, Recipes
  11. Muraki I, Imamura F, Manson JE, et al. (2013). Fruit consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective longitudinal cohort studies.. BMJ 347:f5001. PMID 23990623 · doi:10.1136/bmj.f5001 - Three US cohorts, 12,198 diabetes cases
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  12. Narayanan J, Sanjeevi V, Rohini U, et al. (2016). Postprandial glycaemic response of foxtail millet dosa in comparison to a rice dosa in patients with type 2 diabetes.. Indian J Med Res 144(5):712-717. PMID 28361824 · doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_551_15 - Randomized crossover, n=105, single meal
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt
  13. Reynolds A, Mann J, Cummings J, et al. (2019). Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.. Lancet 393(10170):434-445. PMID 30638909 · doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31809-9 - WHO-commissioned meta-analyses, 185 cohorts and 58 trials
    Cited on: Paleo: the idea, the trials, and the Tamil movement, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  14. Shakappa D, Naik R, Sobhana PP (2022). Glycemic carbohydrates, glycemic index, and glycemic load of commonly consumed South Indian breakfast foods.. J Food Sci Technol 59(9):3619-3626. PMID 35875218 · doi:10.1007/s13197-022-05368-6 - GI study, NIN Hyderabad, n=10
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  15. Shi L, Arntfield SD, Nickerson M (2018). Changes in levels of phytic acid, lectins and oxalates during soaking and cooking of Canadian pulses.. Food Res Int 107:660-668. PMID 29580532 · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.056 - Lab study of soaking and cooking pulses
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  16. Shobana S, Geetha G, Bai MR, et al. (2022). Carbohydrate profiling and glycaemic indices of selected traditional Indian foods. Indian J Med Res 155(1):56-65. doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1935_19 - GI study, MDRF Chennai, n=15
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt
  17. Shobana S, Kokila A, Lakshmipriya N, et al. (2012). Glycaemic index of three Indian rice varieties.. Int J Food Sci Nutr 63(2):178-183. PMID 21916534 · doi:10.3109/09637486.2011.615300 - GI study, MDRF Chennai
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt
  18. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (2018). FoodData Central (SR Legacy). USDA. Link - Food composition database
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt, Recipes

15Other conditions

  1. Amini MR, Askarpour M, Ghalandari H, et al. (2024). Effect of ketogenic diet on blood pressure: A GRADE-Assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 34(4):823-837. PMID 38310076 · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2023.12.004 - Meta-analysis, 23 RCTs
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  2. Bueno NB, Dos Santos Silva MM, de Melo ISV (2020). Low-carbohydrate diets and intrahepatic lipid content in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized trials.. Clin Nutr 39(1):310-311. PMID 31791671 · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.026 - Short research letter reporting a meta-analysis of RCTs
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  3. Di Lorenzo C, Pinto A, Ienca R, et al. (2019). A Randomized Double-Blind, Cross-Over Trial of very Low-Calorie Diet in Overweight Migraine Patients: A Possible Role for Ketones?. Nutrients 11(8):1742. PMID 31357685 · doi:10.3390/nu11081742 - Double-blind crossover RCT
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  4. Eshaghhosseiny N, Ahmadi M, Izadi B, et al. (2024). The effects of ketogenic diet on metabolic and hormonal parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.. J Diabetes Metab Disord 23(2):1573-1587. PMID 39610476 · doi:10.1007/s40200-024-01441-3 - Meta-analysis of 10 small studies
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  5. Felker P, Bunch R, Leung AM (2016). Concentrations of thiocyanate and goitrin in human plasma, their precursor concentrations in brassica vegetables, and associated potential risk for hypothyroidism.. Nutr Rev 74(4):248-258. PMID 26946249 · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuv110 - Review
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt
  6. Galanty A, Grudzińska M, Paździora W, et al. (2024). Do Brassica Vegetables Affect Thyroid Function?-A Comprehensive Systematic Review.. Int J Mol Sci 25(7):3988. PMID 38612798 · doi:10.3390/ijms25073988 - Systematic review, 123 articles
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt
  7. Gu C, Olszewski T, King KL, et al. (2022). The Effects of Modifying Amount and Type of Dietary Carbohydrate on Esophageal Acid Exposure Time and Esophageal Reflux Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial.. Am J Gastroenterol 117(10):1655-1667. PMID 35973185 · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001889 - RCT, n=98
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  8. Martin-McGill KJ, Bresnahan R, Levy RG, et al. (2020). Ketogenic diets for drug-resistant epilepsy.. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6(6):CD001903. PMID 32588435 · doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001903.pub5 - Cochrane review
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows
  9. Peter EL, Kasali FM, Deyno S, et al. (2019). Momordica charantia L. lowers elevated glycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis.. J Ethnopharmacol 231:311-324. PMID 30385422 · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.033 - Meta-analysis of small trials
    Cited on: Crispy bitter gourd
  10. Sethi S, Wakeham D, Ketter T, et al. (2024). Ketogenic Diet Intervention on Metabolic and Psychiatric Health in Bipolar and Schizophrenia: A Pilot Trial.. Psychiatry Res 335:115866. PMID 38547601 · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115866 - Uncontrolled pilot
    Cited on: Low-carb, no sugar, no junk: what the evidence shows, The Tamil Paleo chart, checked line by line
  11. Spiegel K, Leproult R, Van Cauter E (1999). Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function.. Lancet 354(9188):1435-1439. PMID 10543671 · doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01376-8 - Small physiology study
    Cited on: Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy
  12. Taylor EN, Curhan GC (2007). Oxalate intake and the risk for nephrolithiasis.. J Am Soc Nephrol 18(7):2198-2204. PMID 17538185 · doi:10.1681/ASN.2007020219 - Three prospective cohorts
    Cited on: The Indian plate, rebuilt
  13. Zhu B, Shi C, Park CG, et al. (2019). Effects of sleep restriction on metabolism-related parameters in healthy adults: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. Sleep Med Rev 45:18-30. PMID 30870662 · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.02.002 - Meta-analysis of sleep restriction trials
    Cited on: Move: walking after meals, and lifting something heavy